(Publisher of Peer Reviewed Open Access Journals)

International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration (IJATEE)

ISSN (Print):2394-5443    ISSN (Online):2394-7454
Volume-9 Issue-89 April-2022
Full-Text PDF
Paper Title : Performance of multiwalled carbon nanotube doped fly ash based clay bricks
Author Name : Anish Kumar and Sanjeev Sinha
Abstract :

The major goal of this research is to propose an energy-efficient process to produce economical bricks in a very short amount of time. These bricks were prepared by baking cylindrical clay specimens in a muffle furnace at 900 degrees Celsius for 6 hours. The clay specimens were reinforced with fly ash and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The influence of MWCNT in various proportions such as 0.1 %, 0.01 %, 0.001% of water by weight, was observed with a high clay replacement ratio (10 %, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) on various properties of bricks. Soil, fly ash, and MWCNT used in the study were characterized using microscopic techniques such as x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The findings demonstrate that adding up to 50% (by weight) fly ash along with MWCNT (0.1 %, 0.01 %, 0.001% of water by weight) to normal cylindrical clay bricks can improve their characteristics when baked at 900 degrees Celsius for 6 hours in a muffle furnace. The combination of clay, fly ash, and MWCNT performed remarkably well in laboratory testing due to its efficient void filling capacity and pozzolanic nature. These bricks have a higher compressive strength, less water absorbent, are structurally homogeneous, sound, and less harmful to the environment. The effective use of fly ash addition is not only beneficial to the protection of natural clay resources, but it is also a viable option for challenging and expensive waste disposal issues.

Keywords : Clay bricks, MWCNT, Fly ash, Muffle furnace, SEM-EDS, XRD.
Cite this article : Kumar A, Sinha S. Performance of multiwalled carbon nanotube doped fly ash based clay bricks . International Journal of Advanced Technology and Engineering Exploration. 2022; 9(89):536-550. DOI:10.19101/IJATEE.2021.875265.
References :
[1]Baum E. Emissions from s asian brick production & potential climate impact-ellen baum. Climate and Health Research Network. 2015.
[Google Scholar]
[2]Singh H, Brar GS, Mudahar GS. Evaluation of characteristics of fly ash-reinforced clay bricks as building material. Journal of Building Physics. 2017; 40(6):530-43.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[3]https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/initiatives/bricks. Accessed 22 July 2021.
[4]Maithel S, Ravi A, Kumar S. Roadmap for promoting resource efficient bricks in India: A 2032 strategy. 2018.
[Google Scholar]
[5]Weyant C, Athalye V, Ragavan S, Rajarathnam U, Lalchandani D, Maithel S, et al. Emissions from South Asian brick production. Environmental Science & Technology. 2014; 48(11):6477-83.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[6]Rajarathnam U, Athalye V, Ragavan S, Maithel S, Lalchandani D, Kumar S, et al. Assessment of air pollutant emissions from brick kilns. Atmospheric Environment. 2014; 98:549-53.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[7]Chen Y, Zhang Y, Chen T, Zhao Y, Bao S. Preparation of eco-friendly construction bricks from hematite tailings. Construction and Building Materials. 2011; 25(4):2107-11.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[8]Lingling X, Wei G, Tao W, Nanru Y. Study on fired bricks with replacing clay by fly ash in high volume ratio. Construction and Building Materials. 2005; 19(3):243-7.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[9]Kute S, Deodhar SV. Effect of fly ash and temperature on properties of burnt clay bricks. Journal of Civil Engineering. 2003; 84:82-5.
[Google Scholar]
[10]Chou MI, Patel V, Laird CJ, Ho KK. Chemical and engineering properties of fired bricks containing 50 weight percent of class F fly ash. Energy Sources. 2001; 23(7):665-73.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[11]Chou MI, Chou SF, Patel V, Pickering MD, Stucki JW. Manufacturing fired bricks with class F fly ash from Illinois basin coals. Combustion byproduct recycling consortium. Project Number. 2006.
[Google Scholar]
[12]Kayali O. High performance bricks from fly ash. In proceedings of the world of coal ash conference, Lexinton, Kentucky 2005.
[Google Scholar]
[13]Menezes RR, Ferreira HS, Neves GA, Lira HD, Ferreira HC. Use of granite sawing wastes in the production of ceramic bricks and tiles. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 2005; 25(7):1149-58.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[14]Lin KL. Feasibility study of using brick made from municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash slag. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2006; 137(3):1810-6.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[15]Roy S, Adhikari GR, Gupta RN. Use of gold mill tailings in making bricks: a feasibility study. Waste Management & Research. 2007; 25(5):475-82.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[16]El-mahllawy MS. Characteristics of acid resisting bricks made from quarry residues and waste steel slag. Construction and Building Materials. 2008; 22(8):1887-96.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[17]Sutcu M, Akkurt S. The use of recycled paper processing residues in making porous brick with reduced thermal conductivity. Ceramics International. 2009; 35(7):2625-31.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[18]Kadir AA, Mohajerani A, Roddick F, Buckeridge J. Density, strength, thermal conductivity and leachate characteristics of light-weight fired clay bricks incorporating cigarette butts. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009; 53(5):1035-40.
[Google Scholar]
[19]Rahman MA. Properties of clay-sand-rice husk ash mixed bricks. International Journal of Cement Composites and Lightweight Concrete. 1987; 9(2):105-8.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[20]Liu G, Zhang C, Zhao M, Guo W, Luo Q. Comparison of nanomaterials with other unconventional materials used as additives for soil improvement in the context of sustainable development: a review. Nanomaterials. 2020; 11(1):1-24.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[21]Correia AA, Casaleiro PD, Rasteiro MG. Applying multiwall carbon nanotubes for soil stabilization. Procedia Engineering. 2015; 102:1766-75.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[22]Figueiredo DT, Correia AA, Hunkeler D, Rasteiro MG. Surfactants for dispersion of carbon nanotubes applied in soil stabilization. Colloids and Surfaces a: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2015; 480:405-12.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[23]Iranpour B. The influence of nanomaterials on collapsible soil treatment. Engineering Geology. 2016; 205:40-53.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[24]Luo HL, Hsiao DH, Lin DF, Lin CK. Cohesive soil stabilized using sewage sludge ash/cement and nano aluminum oxide. International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology. 2012; 1(1):83-99.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[25]Casaleiro PD. Chemical stabilization of the soft soil of Baixo Mondego by nanomaterials. MSc. Thesis, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 2014.
[Google Scholar]
[26]Taha MR, Taha OM. Influence of nano-material on the expansive and shrinkage soil behavior. Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 2012; 14(10):1-13.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[27]Tripathi M, Chauhan VB. Evaluation of waste glass powder to replace the clay in fired brick manufacturing as a construction material. Innovative Infrastructure Solutions. 2021; 6(3):1-16.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[28]Sutcu M, Ozturk S, Yalamac E, Gencel O. Effect of olive mill waste addition on the properties of porous fired clay bricks using Taguchi method. Journal of Environmental Management. 2016; 181:185-92.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[29]Kizinievič O, Voišnienė V, Kizinievič V, Pundienė I. Impact of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash on the properties and frost resistance of clay bricks. Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management. 2022; 24(1):237-49.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[30]Sengupta P, Saikia N, Borthakur PC. Bricks from petroleum effluent treatment plant sludge: properties and environmental characteristics. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2002; 128(11):1090-4.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[31]Rasool AM, Hameed A, Qureshi MU, Ibrahim YE, Qazi AU, Sumair A. Experimental study on strength and endurance performance of burnt clay bricks incorporating marble waste. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. 2022:1-16.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[32]El-mekkawi SA, Sebaei AS, Amin SK. Green waste recycling of peanuts highly contaminated with aflatoxins in clay brick manufacturing. Bulletin of the National Research Centre. 2022; 46(1):1-15.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[33]Bih NL, Mahamat AA, Chinweze C, Ayeni O, Bidossèssi HJ, Onwualu PA, et al. The effect of bone ash on the physio-chemical and mechanical properties of clay ceramic bricks. Buildings. 2022; 12(3):1-15.
[Crossref] [Google Scholar]
[34]IS (Indian Standard). Indian standard, methods of test for soils, part 5: determination of liquid limit and plastic limit. IS 2720 (part 5), Reaffirmed 1–16. New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards. 1985.